Yesterday I attended “Leading to Greatness”, a satellite simulcast event hosted by Australia’s Create One at the Hilton Hotel here in Brisbane.
Create One were the organizers of the Leadership Effect event that I went to earlier in the year, where John Maxwell spoke. They organized this event here in Brisbane. It’s really amazing, pioneering work that they are doing. Organizations permeate life. Society is all about organization, from the family through the corporation through the government, through the church. Organization requires leadership. The quality of the leadership is one of the five essential factors for success mentioned by Sun Tzu at the opening of his treatise on strategy “Art of War”. Your body can carry on with a missing limb, but everything loses its value with a missing head.
However, awareness of the art and science of leadership and the necessity of studying it and become proficient in it is sadly lacking. Too often people view leadership as an opportunity to satisfy their own desires at the expense of others, rather than as an opportunity to provide a service to others. Or otherwise they view it as something undefinable that you have or you don’t - you’re born a leader or not. However, leadership is a precise science, a set of principles. Just as you can learn to do anything, you can learn to lead. It’s an activity like any other, and there is a science to it. It’s not material or spiritual - that depends on what you do with it, how you choose to exercise it, just as with any other activity.
There were six speakers. I’ll run down through each of them with a bit of a review:
Carly Fiorina (CEO HP)
Carly opened the event, and I arrived late, about midway through her speech. She spoke with no slides and used a very relaxed, cerebral style with few stories. She contrasted contradictory qualities that are necessary for a leader, including confidence / humility, optimism / realism, clarity / flexibility, and a couple of others that I forget. I wasn’t able to get a good lock on her, and I remember thinking: “Gosh, I hope that the whole thing is not going to be like this”. By the end of her talk I had warmed up to her a little more and caught on to the structure of her presentation with the contradictory qualities.
One point that she emphasized that ran through a number of speakers was that of being clear. A leader has to be clear, has to be consistent.
Marcus Buckingham Author
Marcus Buckingham, the author of the “First, Break All the Rules”, “Now Discover Your Strengths”, and “The One Thing You Need to Know” followed. He utilized a technique I recently read about, of seizing control of the audience right at the beginning of his presentation, having them give a thunderous round of applause for his assistant backstage changing his slides.
He first of all talked about management, and how the job of a manager is to match up people’s talents with organizational needs, in other words “to capitalize on the unique” - to find out what is unique about each person, and enagage them according to that.
Next he contrasted this with leadership, which he described as “emphasizing the universal” - cutting through divisions and differences to speak to the commonality of the people.
He then proceeded to talk about the principle of building on your strengths. His research has uncovered that sustained personal success comes from building on your strengths, not trying to fix your weaknesses. He had a great sense of humour, and had us all laughing throughout his talk. He shared that research in 2000 showed that 59% of people in the US thought that fixing your weaknesses was the best course of action, and only 41% believed that building on your strengths would bring a better result. In the UK the figures were 64% weaknesses and only 36% strengths.
After his book that advocated building on your strengths sold a million copies the research was repeated, and showed exactly the same results. “Never before,” he said, “has a man had more solid proof of his own irrelevance.”
Most people spend time trying to address their weaknesses, and most managers focus on this area in staff performance reviews, and indeed in general. They are always focusing on trying to fix what is wrong, rather than increase what is right. The underlying rationale behind this is that good is the opposite of bad. However, this isn’t true. The opposite of “bad” is “not bad”.
He gave a good example of this. In every single rotten marriage there is one common factor: the two spouses are not honest with each other. Following the logic of good is the opposite of bad, the answer then should be complete honesty. However this would obviously be problematic. Research indicates that in marriages that are strong, the spouses overrate each other in terms of personal qualities relative to other’s perceptions. They always seek the best possible motive for anything, for example: “She’s not flighty, she’s creative!” “She hasn’t got a bad temper, she’s just having a bad day!”
In other words the key to a successful marriage is delusion.
The point is that you don’t actually learn what good is by studying what it isn’t. You have to emulate and encourage good things, rather than seeking to stamp out bad ones. As my friend Vraja puts it: “The best way to defeat evil is to advance in good.”
Anyway, Marcus rocked. Very funny, very entertaining, very engaging, very informative content.
Fortune Panel
After the break there was Panel chaired by an editor of Fortune magazine. I don’t remember their names, but there was the CEO of the NAARP, an association for retired persons with a membership of 35 million, J.W. Marriot, head of Marriot hotels, and the CEO of Ernst and Young. What really came out from that for me was the preoccupation that both Marriot and Ernst and Young had for their employees. Marriot in the case of Hurricane Katrina and how they responded to that, and Ernst and Young as being selected by so many lists as a great place to work, especially for women and mothers.
When the CEO of Ernst and Young was asked about how they achieved that, and did they offer flexiwork and telecommuting, he took it a step back and said that it was about more than that. Ernst and Young, unlike a business like Mariott which owns properties, has all its assets go home at night - the people. Their people work on jobs for multiple clients and they juggle their workload. They can add in whatever they need to into that, and juggle it along with that, whether it’s a school play or holiday or whatever. It’s an interesting way of conceptualizing work, and one that was covered more in depth by Richard Branson.
While other people might have been sitting bored and thinking (albeit subconciously): “This is very US-centric material”, I was busy analyzing the dynamic of the presentation, with three guests and a host. It’s an interesting format, and we’ll use it at some point. I was also taking notes on the presenters and hosts and their transitions throughout the day.
Jack Welch (CEO GE)
The famous Jack Welch came on next. I had never heard him speak before this and was curious to know what he was like. It’s a well known fact that GE’s big contribution was the number of leaders of industry that were produced there. Jack Welch is a legend in management circles.
Jack Welch reminded me of a general in the style of Patton. I once spent half an hour with Bhavananda prabhu, and he also reminded me of him. A few of the points he made:
A leader defines the situation. Whenever there is a crisis, the leader steps up and defines the situation. They do not let others define the situation.
A leader has to be completely candid, completely clear. People know exactly where they stand.
When the moment for the “difficult conversation” comes people know where they stand. They come in and say: “I didn’t do it. I blew it. So what’s the deal? What’s the severance package?”
When you make a mistake in hiring, rectify it immediately.
Jack Welch’s management style is militant. I can see that it would be ruthless in producing excellence. He spoke of the top 20% that you need to get, the 70% of the majority of the organization, and the weakest 10% that must be eliminated. “Tell them that their place is somewhere else”.
Stephen R. Covey Author, Speaker
Stephen Covey spoke on his definition of leadership: “Communicating people’s potential and worth in such a way that they become inspired to perceive in themselves.”
He asked the audience how many people could trace back the realization of their potential to someone else who believed in them. He also spoke of his own beginning, as a young volunteer in England (he was a Mormon missionary). A leader in his organization tasked him with teaching leadership and told him: “I believe in you”.
He spoke passionately and with feeling, and used a number of short video clips, including a very powerful one that illustrated a match igniting another match. When I saw that imagery I was reminded of the Bhagavatam verse which explains that bhakti is latent within the soul, just as fire exists within wood, but just as it takes a burning piece of wood to bring that out, similarly bhakti comes from bhakti, and no other material cause.
Malcom Gladwell Author
Malcom Gladwell, the author of “The Tipping Point” and “Blink - the Power of Thinking without Thinking” came on. In total contrast to his bio pic and the other speakers, he was sporting a Young Einstein haircut and cutting the mad scientist profile. I guess you can afford to indulge a little eccentricity when you’re a best selling author
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Gladwell reprised the opening to his book Blink, where he talks about art experts making a snap judgement on first seeing a kuros, a Greek sculpture, that was bought by the Getty Museum for $10 million. In stark contrast to all the scientific evidence that the Getty gathered over 14 months of investigation verifying the authenticity of the piece, a number of art experts, immediately upon seeing it said: “It’s a fake”.
It turns out that a lot of people with a great amount of expertise in their head can make snap judgement calls that they can’t explain. The power of instinct. Quarterbacks make snap judgements all the time at a subconscious level. There is no time to make a conscious rational analysis.
Another example he gave was of a very simple experiment - the Pepsi vs Coke experiment. If you are given two glasses, one of Pepsi, one of Coke, and asked to tell which is which, you can do it no problems. If, however, you are given three glasses, two of one, one of the other, and asked to determine which is the odd one out, the almost 100% accuracy of the subjects drops to 33% - chance. In other words, too many variables destroy your ability to make a decision.
Gladwell talked about a hospital in the US that managed to drastically improve the diagnosis of heart attacks by its doctors, by specifically limiting them to four questions, and four questions only (I can’t remember them, but one was blood pressure).
Gladwell wove these memes together to draw a conclusion that leaders’ decision-making capability can be paralyzed by too much information. If the information that leaders receive and utilize to make decisions can be reduced to the essential information they will be able to make better decisions.
Unfortunately he didn’t offer any guidance on how you would go about doing that, and how to decide what information to use and what to drop, but it was interesting.
Sir Richard Branson Entrepreneur, CEO of Virgin
Sir Richard Branson came, the second of the two Englishmen - the other being Marcus Buckingham. The Englishmen had a completely different demeanour to the Americans - more self-effacing. Richard Branson actually looked quite nervous, with his legs crossed and biting his lips as his interviewer asked him questions. I can’t remember who said this previously (maybe it was Carly) - but she said that a leader has to be authentic, and Richard Branson was completely 100% authentic.
One thing that came across as he was being interviewed was that in contrast to the other speakers, Sir Richard Branson has no idea what everyone else is doing or thinking. In introducing Malcolm Gladwell Alexa, the hostess, had said that through his book the phrase “the tipping point” had entered our vocabulary. Not Sir Richard Branson’s vocabulary. When the interviewer asked him what he thought about the difference between leadership and management he was completely confused and said: “Well, you know, I think you just have to be a human being”, and then went on to explain that you just have to treat people like people.
Sir Richard Branson’s leadership success is definitely based on his personality. It’s not studied, it’s not cultivated, it’s completely natural. He is just a person who cares about people. He comes across as a gandharva-like personality, dedicated to having fun and embued with supernatural powers of charm. He talked again and again about people and treating people like people. Echoing the CEO of Ernst and Young, and really taking it to another level, he said: “Why should people work 40 hours a week? There are mums who want to get out of the house and do something, feel useful, and look after their kids. Why shouldn’t they be able to work three days a week, or six months a year? Why shouldn’t they be able to take off time for the school holidays? They don’t have to be paid for it, but why not?”
He talked about his solution to the rising aviation fuel prices. Next year Virgin will pay $9 billion more for fuel for its trains and airplanes. His solution is an innovative one. He is starting a business that will build refineries to create cellulose ethanol from grain stalks, which will then be sold as Virgin fuel for cars. This will then change the overall economic situation of petrol, hopefully causing competition and freeing up reserves that will drive the aviation fuel price down.
He talked also about Virgin Galactic, his space travel venture, set to launch in two and a half years. When questioned as to why, he started to talk about bringing back a spaceship full of Helium-4 from the moon and powering the entire US for one year with it, and exploration, and contacting alien civilizations.
He never answered any of the interviewer’s questions, not understanding them, and brushing them aside as irrelevant, as he shared his vision of authentic concern for people and the environment. It was very refreshing.
Rudy Guiliani Mayor of New York
Rudy Guiliani, the mayor of New York in September, 2001, and a character in Malcolm Gladwell’s The Tipping Point, ended the event. He spoke on six principles from his book on Leadership, using the events of September 11, 2001 as illustrations.
- Develop Strong Beliefs
Stand for something with absolute conviction and absolute clarity.
- Be an optimist
Be a problem solver. Nobody wants to follow a pessimist. Take people to a better future.
- Have Courage
Don’t let fear paralyze you. Courage is not the absence of fear, it’s the management of fear. Channel that fear into the next point.
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Relentless Preparation
Something unanticipated will always happen, but if you’ve prepared for everything else, you will know how to respond to the unexpected.
- Teamwork
Focus on your weaknesses and how to balance these with the strengths of the other people around you. When Guiliani became mayor New York faced two problems - crime and the economy. He knew what to do about crime (as described in the Tipping Point and mentioned by Marcus Buckingham earlier in the day), but not what to do about the economy, so he got people in who knew that side of things.
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Communication
It’s imperative that a leader communicates clearly and consistently so that people capture the vision. You have to get your own ideas out of your mind and heart and into the minds and hearts of other people. He explained that if you take care of the other five things, this one will take care of itself.
As you can see, there was a lot of information to be captured. Each person projected their consciousness when they came on, and I absorbed a lot from them, but it was very draining. Today I am exhausted.